Workers on construction sites often interact with toxic substances such as asbestos, lead and various other chemicals. If not handled properly, exposure to these materials can lead to long-term health issues. That’s why it is vital for both managers and workers to understand hazardous materials to keep everyone safe.
Common hazards
Asbestos: Found in old insulation, flooring, roofing materials and cement products.
Risks: Inhalation of asbestos fibers can cause lung disease and cancer.
Lead: Present in old paints, pipes and certain industrial coatings.
Risks: Lead exposure can result in neurological and organ damage, particularly in children and pregnant women.
Silica dust: Produced when cutting, grinding, or drilling concrete, stone and masonry.
Risks: Long-term inhalation leads to silicosis, lung cancer and respiratory issues.
Solvents and chemicals: Used in finishing work and maintenance.
Risks: Toxic fumes can cause respiratory issues, skin burns and organ damage.
Heavy metals: Found in electrical switches, batteries and coatings.
Risks: Can cause poisoning, cancer, and neurological disorders.
Diesel exhaust and fumes: Generated by machinery, generators and vehicles.
Risks: Long-term exposure can contribute to lung diseases and cardiovascular issues.
Polychlorinated biphenyls: Used in electrical transformers, hydraulic equipment and old caulking.
Risks: Can cause cancer and affect the immune and reproductive systems.
Mold and biological contaminants: Grow in damp conditions, particularly in renovation projects.
Risks: Can lead to respiratory illnesses and allergic reactions.
Download the NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards mobile app to help identify and protect workers from jobsite hazards.
Safely handling hazardous materials
Proper training and awareness: Conduct regular safety training on hazardous materials handling, including Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS). Ensure workers know how to identify hazardous materials and use protective measures.
Use personal protective equipment: Equip workers with necessary PPE, such as gloves, masks and protective clothing, to minimize exposure to hazardous substances. Here are PPE recommendations that should be used to protect workers against common hazards:
- Asbestos and silica dust: N95 respirators or P100 masks and full-body protective suits.
- Lead and heavy metals: Gloves, eye protection and appropriate respirators.
- Solvents and chemicals: Chemical-resistant gloves, splash goggles and ventilation systems.
Safe storage and labeling: Store hazardous materials in clearly labeled containers away from heat sources. Use secondary containment to prevent spills from spreading. Keep flammable substances in fire-rated cabinets.
Dust and fume control measures: Use water suppression or vacuum dust collection when cutting or grinding materials. Ensure proper ventilation in enclosed spaces where fumes or dust accumulate. Implement exhaust ventilation systems for diesel-powered machinery. Stay away of all regulatory changes such as the MSHA Silica Rule in 2024.
Proper handling and disposal: Follow OSHA and EPA regulations for disposal of hazardous waste. Implement spill containment and cleanup procedures for chemicals and oils. Use licensed disposal facilities for asbestos, lead and heavy metals.
Conduct site inspections: Appoint safety officers to conduct daily or weekly inspections. Monitor for leaks, spills, improper storage or PPE violations. Conduct an end-of-year safety audit.
Emergency response plans: Have emergency protocols in place for chemical spills, asbestos exposure and lead contamination. Ensure first-aid kits, eye wash stations and emergency showers are easily accessible. Train workers in hazardous material incident response.
Key takeaways
For managers:
- Conduct regular training and site inspections.
- Implement safe storage, labeling and disposal procedures.
- Provide adequate PPE and ventilation.
For workers:
- Always wear appropriate PPE when handling hazardous materials.
- Follow safety protocols and report unsafe conditions.
- Participate in hazardous material training and emergency drills.
About the author: AEM is the North American-based international trade group representing off-road equipment manufacturers and suppliers, with more than 1,000 companies and 200-plus product lines in the agriculture and construction-related sectors worldwide. AEM has an ownership stake in and manages several world-class exhibitions, including CONEXPO-CON/AGG.
